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Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is often regarded as a more accurate measure for assessing perfusion compared to Blood Pressure (BP) due to its direct correlation with perfusion pressure across various organ systems. MAP is defined as the average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle,...

A right-sided 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed in specific clinical scenarios, particularly when there is a suspicion of right ventricular (RV) involvement in myocardial infarction or other cardiac conditions. The standard 12-lead ECG primarily focuses on the left side of the heart,...

The impact of social media on mental health has garnered significant attention in recent years, with various studies highlighting both negative and positive effects. A substantial body of research indicates that excessive social media use is associated with adverse mental health outcomes,...

The treatment strategies for COVID-19 have evolved significantly since the onset of the pandemic, focusing on antiviral therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and supportive care measures. As the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathophysiology has deepened, various therapeutic modalities have been...

The rising incidence of zoonotic infections is a significant public health concern projected to escalate by 2025. Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted from animals to humans, have been increasingly recognized as a major threat to global health security. This rise can be attributed to several...

Risk-taking behavior, particularly in adolescents, is influenced by a complex interplay of neural mechanisms, developmental factors, and environmental contexts. Research has identified several key neural regions and processes that underlie this behavior, highlighting the role of the prefrontal...

The Caribbean region faces a unique set of challenges when it comes to trauma etiology, influenced by a combination of socio-economic factors, cultural contexts, and environmental conditions. The most common causes of trauma in the Caribbean can be categorized into several key areas, including road...

Paramedics transporting critical patients with lights and sirens is a topic of significant debate within the emergency medical services (EMS) community. The use of warning lights and siren (L&S) by EMS vehicles is considered a fundamental aspect of emergency response and patient transport ("Use...

Field amputation, the surgical removal of a limb at the scene of an accident or in a remote location, is a critical and life-saving intervention in certain traumatic situations. The decision to perform a field amputation is guided by specific indications that signal the necessity for immediate limb...

In cases of poor diastolic refilling secondary to hypovolemia, fluid resuscitation plays a crucial role in restoring intravascular volume and improving cardiac performance. Hypovolemia can lead to inadequate cardiac preload, affecting diastolic function (Chen et al., 2021). It is essential to...